Lidar yog dab tsi thiab lidar ua haujlwm li cas?

　　1. Lidar yog dab tsi?

Ntau lub tuam txhab tsheb tau hais txog lidar, yog li peb yuav tsum xub to taub, lidar yog dab tsi?

LIDAR - Lidar, yog ib qho sensor,hu ua "qhov muag ntawm ib tug neeg hlau", yog ib qho tseem ceeb sensor integrating laser, GPS positioning thiab inertial ntsuas li.Cov txheej txheem uas xa rov qab lub sij hawm xav tau los ntsuas qhov deb yog zoo ib yam li hauv paus ntsiab lus rau radar, tshwj tsis yog tias cov lasers siv es tsis txhob siv xov tooj cua.Nws tuaj yeem hais tias lidar yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa kho vajtse los pab cov tsheb ua tiav qib siab txawj ntse pab tsav tsheb.

2. Lidar ua haujlwm li cas?

Tom ntej no, cia peb tham txog yuav ua li cas lidar ua haujlwm.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb tias lidar tsis ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab feem ntau muaj peb lub ntsiab lus: laser transmitter, receiver, thiab inertial positioning thiab navigation.Thaum lub lidar ua haujlwm, nws yuav tawm lub teeb laser.Tom qab ntsib ib yam khoom, lub teeb laser yuav rov qab los thiab tau txais los ntawm CMOS sensor, yog li ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub cev mus rau qhov teeb meem.Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom, tsuav yog koj xav paub qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb thiab lub sij hawm ntawm emission mus rau CMOS kev nkag siab, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov teeb meem.Ua ke nrog GPS real-time, inertial navigation cov ntaub ntawv thiab suav lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub laser radar, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem tau txais qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom ua ntej.Coordinate bearing thiab nrug cov ntaub ntawv.

Tom ntej no, yog tias lub lidar tuaj yeem tso tawm ntau lub lasers ntawm lub kaum sab xis hauv tib qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem tau txais ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo raws li cov teeb meem.Ua ke nrog lub sij hawm ntau, laser scanning lub kaum sab xis, GPS txoj hauj lwm thiab INS cov ntaub ntawv, tom qab ua cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muab ua ke nrog x, y, z coordinates los ua peb-dimensional teeb liab nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyob deb, spatial txoj hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam. cov algorithms, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem tau txais ntau yam tsis sib xws xws li kab, qhov chaw, thiab ntim, yog li tsim kom muaj peb-dimensional point cloud map thiab kos ib daim ntawv qhia ib puag ncig, uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua "qhov muag" ntawm lub tsheb.

3. Lidar Kev Lag Luam Chain

1) Transmitternti: 905nm EEL nti Osram qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov nyuaj rau kev hloov pauv, tab sis tom qab VCSEL sau lub hwj chim luv luv los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib tshuam, vim nws cov nqi qis thiab qis kub drift yam ntxwv, nws yuav maj mam paub qhov hloov ntawm EEL, lub domestic nti Changguang Huaxin, Zonghui Xinguang ushered nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.

2) Txais: Raws li txoj kev 905nm yuav tsum tau nce qhov deb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, nws xav tias SiPM thiab SPAD yuav dhau los ua qhov sib txawv loj.1550nm yuav txuas ntxiv siv APD, thiab qhov pib rau cov khoom muaj feem xyuam yog qhov siab.Tam sim no, nws tsuas yog monopolized los ntawm Sony, Hamamatsu thiab ON Semiconductor.Lub 1550nm core Citrix thiab 905nm Nanjing Core Vision thiab Lingming Photonics yuav tsum ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tawg.

3) Calibration kawg: Lub semiconductorlaser muaj qhov me me resonator kab noj hniav thiab qhov chaw tsis zoo.Yuav kom ua tau raws li tus qauv lidar, qhov ceev thiab qeeb axes yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau kev kho qhov muag, thiab cov kab teeb pom kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum ua kom homogenized.Tus nqi ntawm ib lub lidar yog pua pua yuan.

4) TEC: Txij li Osram tau daws qhov kub thiab txias ntawm EEL, VCSEL ib txwm muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li lidar tsis xav tau TEC lawm.

5) Scanning kawg: Lub ntsiab barrier ntawm daim iav rotating yog lub sij hawm tswj, thiab cov txheej txheem MEMS kuj nyuaj.Xijing Technology yog thawj zaug kom ua tiav ntau lawm.

4. Lub hiav txwv hnub qub nyob rau hauv kev hloov cov khoom siv hauv tsev

Lub zos ntawm lidar tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom tau txais kev hloov pauv hauv tsev thiab kev ywj pheej thev naus laus zis los tiv thaiv Western lub teb chaws los ntawm kev daig, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo nqi.

Tus nqi pheej yig yog ib lub ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem, txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm lidar tsis yog qis, tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho ib lub lidar ntaus hauv ib lub tsheb yog li ntawm 10,000 US las.

Tus nqi siab ntawm lidar yeej ib txwm yog nws cov duab ntxoov ntxoo lingering, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kev daws teeb meem ntau dua lidar, qhov kev txwv loj tshaj plaws yog tus nqi;lidar yog suav tias yog ib qho cuab yeej kim kim los ntawm kev lag luam, thiab Tesla bluntly hais tias Criticizing lidar yog kim.

Lidar manufacturers yeej ib txwm saib kom txo cov nqi, thiab raws li cov thev naus laus zis hloov zuj zus mus, lawv cov hom phiaj tau maj mam dhau los ua qhov tseeb.Qhov thib ob-tiam ntse zoom lidar tsis tsuas yog muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, tab sis kuj txo tus nqi los ntawm ob feem peb piv rau thawj tiam, thiab yog me me.Raws li kev lag luam kwv yees, los ntawm 2025, tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuab lidar txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag li $ 700 txhua.

Txoj kev loj hlob tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam lidar yog tias cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tau dhau los ua neeg paub tab ntau hnub dhau los, thiab qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam maj mam nce.Lub zos ntawm LiDAR tau dhau los ntawm ntau theem.Ua ntej, nws tau dominated los ntawm txawv teb chaws tuam txhab uas muag.Tom qab ntawd, cov tuam txhab hauv tsev tau pib thiab nce lawv qhov hnyav.Tam sim no, lub dominance yog maj mam txav los ze zog mus rau domestic tuam txhab uas muag.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nthwv dej ntawm kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog tau tshwm sim, thiab cov tuam txhab lidar hauv zos tau maj mam nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam.Cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev-qib lidar tau maj mam ua nrov.Hauv cov tsheb ntse hluav taws xob hauv tsev, cov tuam txhab lidar hauv zos tau tshwm sim ib zaug.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, yuav tsum muaj 20 lossis 30 lub tuam txhab radar hauv tsev, xws li Sagitar Juchuang, Hesai Technology, Beike Tianhui, Leishen Intelligence, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj xws li DJI thiab Huawei, nrog rau cov khoom siv tsheb loj loj. .

Tam sim no, tus nqi zoo ntawm lidar cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm Suav tuam txhab xws li Hesai, DJI, thiab Sagitar Juchuang yog qhov pom tseeb, rhuav tshem txoj haujlwm ntawm cov teb chaws tsim kho xws li Tebchaws Meskas hauv daim teb no.Kuj tseem muaj cov tuam txhab xws li Focuslight Technology, Han's Laser, Guangku Technology, Luowei Technology, Hesai Technology, Zhongji Innolight, Kongwei Laser, thiab Juxing Technology.Cov txheej txheem thiab kev tsim khoom tsim kev tsim kho tshiab hauv lidar.

Tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob lub tsev kawm ntawv, ib qho yog tsim kho tshuab lidar, thiab lwm qhov yog ncaj qha kaw cov khoom lag luam hauv xeev lidar.Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm high-speed autonomous tsav tsheb, Hesai muaj ib tug kuj muaj kev ua lag luam feem;Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev tsav tsheb qis, Sagitar Juchuang yog lub chaw tsim khoom loj.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov dej ntws ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam, kuv lub teb chaws tau cog qoob loo ntau lub tuam txhab muaj zog thiab tsim kom muaj cov saw hlau ua tiav.Tom qab xyoo dhau los ntawm kev nqis peev tsis tu ncua thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev paub dhau los, cov tuam txhab radar hauv tsev tau ua qhov kev siv zog tob hauv lawv cov ntu kev lag luam, nthuav tawm cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm paj paj.

Kev tsim khoom loj yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob.Nrog rau kev nkag mus rau hauv huab hwm coj ntau lawm, tus nqi kuj poob qis.DJI tshaj tawm thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020 tias nws tau ua tiav kev tsim khoom loj thiab muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg tsav tsheb lidar, thiab tus nqi tau nqis mus rau ntau txhiab yuan.;Thiab Huawei, hauv 2016 los ua kev tshawb fawb ua ntej ntawm lidar thev naus laus zis, ua qhov kev kuaj xyuas tus qauv hauv 2017, thiab ua kom tiav ntau lawm hauv 2020.

Piv nrog cov radars txawv teb chaws, cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov khoom siv, kev hloov kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev pabcuam kev koom tes thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov channel.

Tus nqi yuav khoom ntawm cov lidar tuaj txawv teb chaws yog qhov siab.Yog li ntawd, tus nqi qis ntawm cov lidar hauv tsev yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua lag luam thiab lub zog tseem ceeb rau kev hloov hauv tsev.Tau kawg, muaj ntau yam teeb meem xws li qhov chaw txo nqi thiab kev loj hlob loj hlob tseem nyob hauv Suav teb.Kev lag luam tseem yuav tau ntsib ntau yam kev nyuaj.

Txij li thaum nws yug los, kev lag luam lidar tau qhia txog cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab.Raws li cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas muaj koob npe nrov hauv xyoo tas los no, lidar thev naus laus zis yeej muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev.Technology tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev sib tw rau cov tuam txhab uas xav nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev sib tw rau cov tuam txhab uas tau nyob hauv nws tau ntau xyoo.

Tam sim no, rau kev hloov pauv hauv tsev, vim lidar chips, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev ua cov teeb liab, feem ntau cia siab rau kev xa khoom, qhov no tau nce nqi ntawm cov lidars hauv tsev rau qee yam.Qhov project daig caj dab yog tag nrho tawm los daws qhov teeb meem.

Ntxiv nrog rau lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, cov tuam txhab radar hauv tsev tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj peev xwm, suav nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshuab, cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab kev muag khoom muaj peev xwm.

Raws li lub sijhawm ntawm "Ua hauv Tuam Tshoj 2025", cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev tau ntes tau nyob rau xyoo tas los no thiab tau ua ntau yam kev sib tw.Tam sim no, localization yog nyob rau lub sij hawm uas muaj lub cib fim thiab cov kev cov nyom tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseeb, thiab nws yog lub hauv paus theem ntawm lidar ntshuam hloov pauv.

Plaub, daim ntawv thov tsaws yog lo lus kawg

Nws tsis yog exaggeration hais tias daim ntawv thov ntawm lidar tau ushered nyob rau hauv ib tug nce lub sij hawm, thiab nws lub ntsiab lag luam mas yog los ntawm plaub loj kev lag luam, uas yog muaj automation., ntse infrastructure, robots thiab tsheb.

Muaj lub zog muaj zog hauv kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog, thiab kev lag luam tsheb lidar yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev nkag mus rau kev tsav tsheb siab thiab tswj kev loj hlob sai.Ntau lub tuam txhab tsheb tau txais kev daws teeb meem, ua thawj kauj ruam ntawm L3 thiab L4 kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog.

2022 tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv ntawm L2 mus rau L3 / L4.Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb sensor ntawm kev tsav tsheb tsav tsheb, lidar tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov haujlwm uas muaj feem xyuam rau xyoo tas los no.Nws cia siab tias txij xyoo 2023, lub tsheb lidar khiav yuav nkag mus rau lub sijhawm loj hlob sai.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb, hauv 2022, Tuam Tshoj tus neeg caij tsheb lidar installation yuav tshaj 80,000 units.Nws cia siab tias qhov chaw lag luam lidar hauv kuv lub teb chaws tus neeg caij tsheb yuav ncav cuag 26.1 billion yuan hauv 2025 thiab 98 billion yuan los ntawm 2030.Lub tsheb lidar tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm xav tau tawg, thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev ua lag luam yog dav heev.

Unmanned yog ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, thiab unmanned yog inseparable ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm kev txawj ntse - lub navigation system.Laser navigation yog tus paub tab nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuab thiab cov khoom tsaws, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj.Nws tseem tuaj yeem tswj xyuas qhov tseeb.Nws yog tam sim no feem ntau ruaj khov thiab mainstream positioning thiab navigation txoj kev.Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm daim ntawv thov, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm laser navigation yog yooj yim thiab cov cuab yeej yog mature.

Unmanned, nws tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim kho, mining, kev pheej hmoo tshem tawm, kev pabcuam, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tshawb nrhiav chaw thiab kev siv tub rog.Lidar tau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev navigation hauv ib puag ncig no.

Pib xyoo 2019, ntau thiab ntau lub radars hauv tsev tau siv rau hauv cov haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tsis yog qhov kev sim ua qauv hauv kev cob qhia.2019 yog qhov dej nyab tseem ceeb rau cov tuam txhab lidar hauv tsev.Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tau maj mam nkag mus rau hauv qhov tseeb qhov project, nthuav dav daim ntawv thov scenarios thiab Scope, nrhiav kev lag luam sib txawv, thiab dhau los ua ib qho kev xaiv rau cov tuam txhab..

Daim ntawv thov ntawm lidar yog maj mam nthuav dav, suav nrog kev lag luam tsis muaj kev tsav tsheb, kev pabcuam neeg hlaukev lag luam, Is Taws Nem ntawm Kev Lag Luam Tsheb, kev thauj mus los ntse, thiab lub nroog ntse.Kev sib xyaw ntawm lidar thiab drones kuj tuaj yeem kos cov duab qhia chaw ntawm dej hiav txwv, lub kaus mom dej khov, thiab hav zoov.

Unmanned yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam ntse.Hauv kev thauj mus los thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ntse, ntau cov thev naus laus zis tsis siv neeg yuav raug siv - mobile logistics robots thiab cov tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yog lidar.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm ntse logistics, daim ntawv thov Scope ntawm lidar kuj nce ib hnub twg.Txawm hais tias nws yog los ntawm kev tuav mus rau warehousing lossis logistics, lidar tuaj yeem them tag nrho thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntse, kev thauj mus los ntse, kev ruaj ntseg ntse, kev pabcuam ntse, thiab kev tswj xyuas hauv nroog ntse.

Hauv cov xwm txheej logistics xws li cov chaw nres nkoj, lidar tuaj yeem ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom thauj thiab txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.Hais txog kev thauj mus los, Lidar tuaj yeem pab kho kom pom kev ntawm lub tsheb ceev ceev ceev thiab xyuas kom cov tsheb uas tau ua tiav.Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg, lidar tuaj yeem ua qhov muag ntawm ntau yam khoom siv saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg.

Hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, tus nqi ntawm lidar yog qhov tseem ceeb tas li.Nyob rau hauv cov kab ntau lawm, nws tuaj yeem tso lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas cov khoom siv thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg.

Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) yog ib qho cuab yeej kho qhov muag pom qhov chaw taws teeb uas tau nce zuj zus los ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kev tshawb fawb ib txwm siv xws li photogrammetry.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lidar thiab drones feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ua ke lub nrig, feem ntau ua rau cov nyhuv ntawm 1 + 1> 2.

Txoj hauv kev ntawm lidar yog kev txhim kho tas li.Tsis muaj lidar architecture dav dav uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm txhua daim ntawv thov sib txawv.Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, thaj chaw saib, ntau yam kev daws teeb meem, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tus nqi.Xav tau.

Lidar muaj nws qhov zoo, tab sis yuav ua li cas kom zoo tshaj qhov zoo yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa.Kev txawj ntse zoom lidar tuaj yeem tsim cov duab tso suab peb-seem, daws qhov xwm txheej zoo kawg nkaus xws li cov teeb pom kev ntawm cov kab pom thiab teeb meem hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom tsis zoo.Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, lidar yuav ua nws feem hauv ntau qhov chaw thov kev npaj txhij txog, ua rau peb xav tsis thoob.

Niaj hnub no lub sijhawm thaum tus nqi yog huab tais, tus nqi siab radars yeej tsis yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub khw tseem ceeb.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm L3 autonomous tsav tsheb, tus nqi siab ntawm txawv teb chaws radars tseem yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws rau nws qhov kev siv.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog kev hloov pauv rau cov radars hauv tsev.

Lidar yeej ib txwm yog tus sawv cev ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo lossis tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog nws daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhawb nqa ntau lawm.Kev siv tshuab mature tsis yog tsuas yog muaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov nqi kev lag luam, hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus.

Tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, cov khoom lag luam lidar tshiab tau tsim tawm tas li, thiab nrog kev nce qib ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, lawv cov ntawv thov tau dhau los ua dav.Daim ntawv thov scenarios tseem nce ntxiv, thiab qee cov khoom tau raug xa tawm mus rau kev lag luam loj hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas.

Tau kawg, cov tuam txhab lidar tseem ntsib cov kev pheej hmoo hauv qab no: kev tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev thov, lub sijhawm ntev rau cov neeg siv khoom los ntsuas cov khoom loj, thiab lub sijhawm ntev dua rau lidar los tsim cov nyiaj tau los tiag tiag los ua tus xa khoom.

Cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev uas tau khaws cia hauv thaj chaw lidar tau ntau xyoo yuav ua haujlwm sib sib zog nqus hauv lawv txoj kev lag luam, tab sis yog tias lawv xav ua lag luam ntau dua, lawv yuav tsum sib txuas lawv tus kheej cov cuab yeej technology, khawb tob rau hauv cov thev naus laus zis, thiab txhim kho thiab txhim kho. cov khoom.Zoo thiab stability ua hauj lwm nyuaj.